Introduction deals with digital and analog systems, counting systems, and conversion between different counting systems.
Boole algebra, logic gates, abbreviation methods (Boole, Carnot, and Quinn McCluskey algebras), synthetic logic, and logic system design (half-matrix, full-sum, decoders, encoders, distributors, and voters)
Realization of modular circuits using logic circuits Realization of logic functions using programmable logic circuits (ROM, PAL, PLA and FPGA)
The concept of sequential circuits and flip-flops, the design and analysis of sequential logical systems (state diagrams and tables, ASM algorithmic state mechanisms, and embedding tables and their abbreviations), and finally, a study of applications on modular systems, 1 and the design of meters, in addition to the design of an integrated logical system.